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什么是MACD指标?

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技术指标

什么是MACD指标?

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什么是MACD指标?

MACD全称是指数平滑异同平均线,是由Geral Appel在1979年提出的一种趋势跟踪的动量指标,在技术分析中极为流行。MACD从双移动平均线发展而来,可以用来识别资产整体趋势的各个方面。

首先,MACD采用了两条不同长度的移动平均线(属于滞后指标)来识别趋势方向和持续时间。

然后,MACD采用这两条移动平均线(MACD线)和这两条移动平均线的EMA**(信号线**)之间的数值差,并将这两条线之间的差值绘制成柱状图,在中心零线上下震荡。

直方图被用作资产势头的良好指示。MACD可以去除掉MA线频繁的假讯号缺陷又能确保移动平均线最大的战果。

计算

指数平滑异同移动平均线(MACD)通常由三个部分组成:

1. MACD线是将长期EMA减去短期EMA的结果。可称为差离值(DIF)。

  • MACD 线:(12 天 EMA – 26 天 EMA)

通俗地说,MACD 将两个趋势跟随指标(即移动平均线)转变为动量震荡指标。它通过过滤掉每日价格波动来识别趋势。最常用的数值是长期EMA为26天,短期EMA为12天。

MACD 线对价格变化的反应相对较快。

MACD没有最高与最低值。

MACD呈现的是价格变化的相对速度,不是速度本身。

2. 信号线,是DIF的指数移动平均值,一般称为DEA。

  • 信号线:MACD 线的 9 天 EMA

信号线是MACD线的EMA值。9是最常见的信号线中使用的周期长度EMA。

信号线对价格变化的反应通常较慢。

3. MACD柱状图,它的值是DIF和DEA之间的差值。

  • MACD 直方图:MACD 线 – 信号线

随着时间的推移,MACD线和信号线之间的差异将不断地变化。MACD 直方图将这种差异绘制成一个易于阅读的直方图。两条线之间的差值围绕零线进行震荡。

应用法则

MACD指标通常有利于识别三种类型的基本信号: 信号线交叉、零线交叉和背离。

1. 信号线交叉

  • 看涨信号线交叉 – 当MACD线在信号线上方交叉时,会出现看涨信号线交叉。

  • 看跌信号线交叉 – 当MACD线穿在信号线下方交叉时,会出现看跌信号线交叉。

2. 零线交叉

  • 看涨零线交叉 – 当MACD线在零线之上交叉并由负转正时,就会出现看涨零线交叉。

  • 看跌零线交叉 – 当MACD线在零线以下交叉并由正转负时,就会发生看跌零线交叉。

3. 背离

背离是指MACD和实际价格不一致的情况。

  • 当价格记录了一个较低的低点而MACD记录了一个较高的低点时,就会出现看涨背离。

  • 当价格记录了一个较高的高点而MACD记录了一个较低的高点时,就会出现看跌背离。

MACD的魔力

根据移动平均线原理发展出来的MACD,不仅去除了移动平均线频繁发出假信号的缺陷,还保留了移动平均线的效果。MACD指标具有均线趋势性、稳重性、安定性等特点,是用来研判买卖资产的时机,预测资产价格涨跌的技术分析指标。

MACD是两个指标的二合一,这是使得它成为技术分析中有价值的工具的原因。不仅可以帮助识别趋势,而且还可以测量动量。它采用了两个单独的滞后指标,并且增加了动量方面的内容,而动量是更加积极或预测性的。这种多功能性是它一直被整个金融领域的交易员和分析师使用的原因。

MACD的局限性

通常认为,MACD比较适用于中长期走势的研判,短线走势指导性较弱。

MACD指标非常简单实用,但它仍然有一些弊端。由于移动平均线衡量的是资产的价格在之前一段时间内的变化情况,对于短期的大幅的价格变化,MACD不会立即产生信号,会有一定滞后。

因此,在使用MACD指标去做信号判断和交易判断时,也应该结合其他指标的情况,综合判断。

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4月 ago1 minute

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